里根总统1987年关税演讲(中英文)
作者：微信文章演讲原话中英文，转供参考；
“在全世界，人们越来越意识到，所有国家走向繁荣的道路是拒绝保护主义立法，推广公平和自由的竞争。现在，这是有充分的历史原因的。对于我们这些经历过大萧条的人来说，那段时期所造成的痛苦记忆是深刻而刻骨铭心的。今天，许多经济分析师和历史学家认为，那个时期通过的高关税立法，称为斯穆特-霍利关税，大大加深了萧条并阻止了经济复苏。
你看，一开始，当有人说，让我们对外国进口产品征收关税时，看起来他们是在做一件爱国的事情，保护美国产品和就业。有时候短期内确实有效，但只是短时间有效。最终发生的是，首先，本土产业开始依赖政府以高关税形式提供的保护。他们停止竞争，停止进行必要的创新管理和技术变革，以在世界市场上取得成功。
然后，在这一切发生的同时，更糟糕的事情发生了。高关税不可避免地会导致外国国家的报复，并引发激烈的贸易战。结果是越来越多的关税，越来越高的贸易壁垒，越来越少的竞争。因此，很快，由于关税人为抬高价格，补贴了低效和不良管理，人们停止购买。
然后最坏的事情发生了。市场萎缩和崩溃，企业与产业关闭，数百万人失去工作。回想起这一切在30年代发生的情景，当我来到华盛顿时，我决心让美国人民免受破坏繁荣的保护主义立法的伤害。现在，这并不总是容易的。国会中有一些人，就像30年代一样，他们想要获得快速的政治优势，不惜以牺牲美国的繁荣为代价，追求一些特殊利益团体的短期吸引力，他们忘记了超过500万个美国就业直接与外国出口业务相关，额外数百万与进口相关。
嗯，我从未忘记这些工作。在贸易问题上，大体上，我们做得很好。”
"Throughout the world, there's a growing realization that the way to prosperity for all nations is rejecting protectionist legislation and promoting fair and free competition. Now, there are sound historical reasons for this. For those of us who lived through the Great Depression, the memory of the suffering it caused is deep and searing. And today, many economic analysts and historians argue that high tariff legislation passed back in that period, called the Smoot-Hawley tariff, greatly deepened the depression and prevented economic recovery.
You see, at first when someone says, let's impose tariffs on foreign imports, it looks like they're doing the patriotic thing by protecting American products and jobs. And sometimes for a short while, it works, but only for a short time. What eventually occurs is, first, homegrown industries start relying on government protection in the form of high tariffs. They stop competing and stop making the innovative management and technological changes they need to succeed in world markets.
And then, while all this is going on, something even worse occurs. High tariffs inevitably lead to retaliation by foreign countries and the triggering of fierce trade wars. The result is more and more tariffs, higher and higher trade barriers, and less and less competition. So soon, because of the prices made artificially high by tariffs that subsidize inefficiency and poor management, people stop buying.
Then the worst happens. Markets shrink and collapse, businesses and industry shut down, and millions of people lose their jobs. The memory of all this occurring back in the 30s made me determined when I came to Washington to spare the American people the protectionist legislation that destroys prosperity. Now, it hasn't always been easy. There are those in the Congress, just as there were back in the 30s, who want to go for the quick political advantage, who risk America's prosperity for the sake of a short-term appeal to some special interest group, who forget that more than 5 million American jobs are directly tied to the foreign export business, and additional millions are tied to imports.
Well, I've never forgotten those jobs. And on trade issues, by and large, we've done well."
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