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1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)
" W5 D& n, F: T+ O& m 八卦 trigram 9 r1 t! z+ r0 |' Z1 _
5 o7 G: }" P4 G0 |( I3 t 阴、阳 yin, yang 5 ~0 G; N$ \: E" I2 G; C' F
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道 Dao(cf. logo)
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江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world) 8 H$ {* w8 y& |+ W
* c1 M- h* J1 `. m4 b M) A e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己) " y- M; u% Q* U5 G4 y" i
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道 Daoism(Taoism)
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上火 excessive internal heat 1 ~) n6 D9 \4 x1 ?: n( |# ?* i, q
7 M) E4 ?7 u+ k* U2 o" \( P 儒学 Confucianism
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红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology E9 Y" n+ {/ ^" [
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世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia
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开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world) 4 w: H8 K2 T8 E1 g
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大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done
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伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded ; j; w& W3 b% Q: g
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不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on …
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合乎国情,顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people
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6 E L( O1 s- U% p 乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge
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! Y! c2 r7 Q7 H z 铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post
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脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty " V& j6 r! C+ T I
7 |% s2 f7 z8 F { x7 H+ D' V 治则兴,乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline
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& m# m5 h+ M* [' o# [2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)
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国庆节 National Day @0 [8 P: i h( K+ o! H
0 ^( x8 l$ o0 C4 \% t: V' y: D7 @ 中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival
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$ m$ b5 x# L& o& }- K1 U 春节 Spring Festival ' B* q- I( `3 D) V# t
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元宵节 Lantern Festival
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& d2 \+ w0 C) D7 Q( l$ f, p 儿童节 Children’s Day
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端午节 Dragon Boat Festival * q2 ~# `+ Q: h# J
6 r# j: w. V1 }( N0 Y 妇女节 Women’s Day
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泼水节 Water-Splashing Day
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7 C; R5 E4 ~# {! J 教师节 Teachers’ Day 5 h5 G$ I+ N0 A9 t3 m
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五四青年节 Youth Day ) F! d- q$ G& B/ G( y
1 G, w$ _- ]. K' A8 A6 k7 q3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)
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馄饨 wonton
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锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi) * O1 i* ?/ N! [- U) y& J5 l% q p
2 i1 B% e7 G: Y& I% E9 c 花卷 steamed twisted rolls * i* l0 X6 I) R6 g
1 Y+ v5 r4 N/ _; F 套餐 set meal
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盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away 9 j9 ?6 N% v$ y; w% s! w# ~
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米豆腐 rice tofu # m0 u7 `6 u. O+ o' @
0 g4 g8 U4 J0 J* i9 q/ J 魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu
+ O' u6 X7 u. F A6 T& z A1 E
/ z( a% G. K5 @# x% j 米粉 rice noodles % ^* ^9 t- Q4 ]/ C' K" G1 x/ X
& F* ~# N9 E p7 l7 [7 }5 h C 冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)
2 j2 s7 d- x+ j, L1 T; J$ u2 \; N2 G+ M {
火锅 chafing dish
# @) \8 u# r& k) f5 V$ R( ^* n
6 y9 w& V# R$ r. Y# l- P 八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding
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粉丝 glass noodles
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* p: [; g4 L! J 豆腐脑 jellied bean curd
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4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things) ) W7 k' o0 ^* Q$ K( Z# A6 c9 g
中国 电信 China Telecom
* H S6 Q6 ?# Z( L" i! v
& q$ I4 f# Q% T q 中国 移动 China Mobile . p5 |$ D4 h$ ?
, v5 O9 y- E/ C 十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan
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5 S% O G) g! ~# n$ X 中国电脑联网 Chinanet 3 W6 z9 C# }5 R6 G/ d; v: N
4 v k5 G' s5 i/ B& A7 q 三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project / w% v( t: i# S& a0 L) ^+ @+ [
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希望工程 Project Hope ! `/ ]4 b, T* Y. i# w. |/ a `: @# v
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京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway
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扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project , E8 L0 O! s$ _1 P
+ \/ ^/ L7 C. Y, A# C9 L 菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project
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温饱工程 Decent-Life Project : C! m$ t3 x% v
( m2 X1 C! ^% J5 S4 l* q: `' g 安居工程 Economy Housing Project
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9 i- j( L X) N0 {; g 扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign
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( \# F3 l% ?# s( x 西部大开发 Go-West Campaign
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1 B D: O( y) x2 Y. o. e5 、特有的一些汉语词汇
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禅宗 Zen Buddhism
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4 S& k6 v# J2 \/ u/ n- ^ 禅 dhyana; dhgaya
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混沌 chaos
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2 w3 }9 z/ k. |; ?6 C# ]! M 道 Daosim, the way and its power 1 t8 W' H/ @, o( Q( Z% e
' i4 W& ]- r, L; y7 `' q# i 四谛 Four Noble Truth 9 g9 N* i' l5 o1 }
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八正道 Eightfold Path
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无常 anity ( {3 J# W& `( S z# I; A, P
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五行说 Theory of Five Elements 6 z" J; g$ o! ? J. w4 T/ U
2 p. Q4 a8 P9 o3 r% u M 无我 anatman
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坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation : p" C6 q2 A+ ~# s1 P+ i4 S
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空 sunyata
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虚无 nothingness 2 H4 \& {$ U( {' I2 F! X$ q
R, U0 j2 s+ U5 y: ~" s 双喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英) $ z0 N) ~& |. A! A7 A; _4 A$ `, M
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小品 witty skits $ b! F) \' F6 H O: R Z
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相声 cross-talk , F; l6 h( R. ]
' o" E! h$ u- i8 C7 ]) X f 噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt , n/ M. S7 r' Y9 m; k r( u' l( t
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夜猫子 night people; night-owls
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本命年 this animal year of sb.
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, V2 n4 u4 p' a 处世之道 philosophy of life - C/ ?6 Y6 P: s
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姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)
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5 |/ t, h: s2 F: h0 P6 y 还愿 redeem a wish (vows) - W- G$ w: J2 \, E0 E8 z6 E5 P
- I. X5 R/ W0 j6 f2 v- b1 \6 、具有文化特色的现代表述
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大陆中国 Mainland China
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红宝书 little red book
8 v! S; k2 A* P" N3 O: X! w* c9 D; x/ _3 V/ S4 N5 i
红色中国 socialist China
. @& K c* K- Q6 J' o
! j9 H; i& a# g6 n$ y* N& U, I, _ 四化 Four Modernizations $ r9 g" X# l9 j
9 O+ h2 Q: R& }, R, z 终生职业 job-for-life & ~* ?! O: h% H
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铁饭碗 iron rice bowl
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4 T1 k; G5 P8 Y 大锅饭 communal pot
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+ e |0 P: T$ Q. J8 h8 r- y" M 关系户 closely-related units
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外出打工人员 migrant workers 9 e A' }% Y; D0 b9 L
+ _" y( M9 a6 {' ?( }
关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild - C; N3 O. }6 `
& P( n) |+ f4 ~ 五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals % H3 j% Q( p+ b8 f9 C2 k R* R" Q
. z& n2 x0 v. x; b
四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment
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7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items) - u& l( i0 g# o$ e0 k8 \
宣纸 rice paper ! E$ d6 o1 |1 t# J) u* G% y4 Q
7 L) v' F; |$ l8 n7 w4 ? 衙门 yamen
+ J3 E* G) ]+ M: l1 r% |. |5 G2 {1 H4 u8 ?; p
叩头 kowtow ' l2 M3 ~# h- m
1 _; [9 d2 t& |( k 孔子Confucius 7 A7 b: c: G: d
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牌楼 pailou;pai-loo / w) c, {7 }! H$ u
2 C# V/ u9 ]8 n2 i2 @6 n6 i 武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts) # @- c1 T! }8 i" s& F9 \3 M+ b
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功夫 kungfu ;kung fu 6 A! x+ U; I6 g( y! r/ c3 c1 h# d
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中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means) . g C5 R( s/ |0 E
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中和 harmony (zhonghe)
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$ M9 r' l( c9 Z' j. Z 孝顺 to show filial obedience
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孝子 dutiful son ) H7 h4 t {1 o( h% z
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家长 family head 9 K u3 ], f2 [8 H5 {
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三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife ' [, n& T1 v: Z. d- z$ P
+ N" B; a+ I/ K2 R
五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity
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八股文 eight-legged essays : k% X& f7 M+ P; {# u. ` g
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多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness
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养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age
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2 ?; N' x7 ^$ v8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译 1 d- D* h/ v0 l+ A" {, t4 u
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基层监督 grass-roots supervision
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. F: s, g& a( _1 E I* t; q 基础税率 base tariff level ! x" B( F9 K5 c8 W0 J+ j. ^
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婚介所 matrimonial agency
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" \6 L# B! f* w' L% d. q. ] 婚外恋 extramarital love
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+ b3 F6 [: d+ c) G2 U7 W0 g- W6 q 婚纱摄影 bride photo : |# o5 R2 A' ]4 J, l
# {5 F2 E( i- V, S4 ?+ _0 z 黑心棉 shoddy cotton , `# R& g- n) Z( L
/ R8 p" [3 [$ F$ G) w! B
机器阅卷 machine scoring
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& k, W/ m. ^2 B, H! V9 e 即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery 8 U$ C2 q P4 `8 T% d$ t
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集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development ) g% y1 c, B& E
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价格听证会 public price hearings
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& d' ^# ~ b* N! U 甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team 8 s0 M7 x- W' o" {- V1 J8 H
' k5 w5 J6 }9 n5 m 家政服务 household management service
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/ b/ Y7 L, U( w& ^8 L 加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 8 U# \; F0 ^( a5 ?
- E5 S, H4 H. G+ i/ K7 h 假帐 accounting fraud
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叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel : |) B: M# f- G- E0 U3 J( J1 Q
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矫情 use lame arguments ! z* r- ?/ _% K8 Q
' g/ _& {+ Y6 f" P# } 渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence : c e- g7 u. q
+ u- ~% M# E- |. H! L 借调 temporarily transfer 5 D6 o8 S9 e) Z4 ~1 B8 _1 f2 C; e
6 u ], q# t3 o: B/ [8 `) Q$ P( f 扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.
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扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption
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3 X( u1 Z5 z% G* C1 u O) y9 全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)
: K. e0 _ d9 ?0 i# Q, b主席团Presidium
4 }& B$ n" i s9 |% T- J( R常务委员会Standing Committee
/ H: b- v# I+ P' Z中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China
. W: f" |) ^2 k中央军事委员会Central Military Commission 6 N% e* x) _7 {/ X5 P9 g& n! f
国务院State Council
$ C+ x- s- w$ o8 t信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry
7 M0 Z9 Q# c9 P: G- J- s文化部Ministry of Culture 9 h1 k7 m* I+ m. C: |' w6 u% T# o: j: Z
卫生部Ministry of Public Health
- u: X$ J, }3 Q5 ^6 O外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6 g9 m2 p+ s! z9 R
国防部Ministry of National Defence
% F, Y; @5 Q6 k2 C3 g" X教育部Ministry of Education - ~: K; }* G b/ p
公安部 Ministry of Public Security
8 S) e/ l# e8 X3 a国家安全部 Ministry of State Security " l# m5 P! q' F$ P# t1 Y6 O/ j
中国人民银行People’s Bank of China ; z& x# @" V. `6 h
中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences 3 O" [) N; A, |, b% c" |7 [
中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
8 K3 s( T; W8 }) Q- [. l+ Z中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering
0 u8 z4 I5 T7 x! O最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court 9 i9 u" w2 F+ h, M
最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate
9 K" S& S. ^3 Z5 W* ~" [ o- A中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 1 B$ i* W6 Y; y" }5 s% m) O
中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC 4 h: [1 G4 K3 |1 N. }
中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC * x. x. r4 X h y
中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC
; j% a, e4 Q- f( s4 F; Q8 U中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC
/ a: l- s0 I0 O; Y8 d5 |1 k4 V中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC $ t0 B$ S, x: U% H
中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC / \1 T7 P. b) ?: g" W5 \
中国人民政治协商会议The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)
. z3 a, c/ Z6 r中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC ' _8 b* p; C' z9 ?
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC % Z% K' t1 n: q: F2 Z: C5 J2 e
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee
" \3 t3 B4 O3 B5 W" I/ S% T) u6 V专门委员会Special Committee 4 t A# w. q% U; }* r4 u
中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees
" M$ B1 H4 B4 r0 E6 `0 v, @3 A中国政党Chinese Parties
, l! }& }, E9 E. ? A l# u中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC) & ]: B. d0 s8 [1 ?" i
中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang
- {' u) \4 @7 K; G0 ] F中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League " J# }8 L. p. w; B
中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association
' ~" p+ B* w1 t中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy * |( P7 E, S4 G; b: H+ c
中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party % c' l8 s- I! S
中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang
" t- I" y* Q' Y4 ]3 f# i九三学社Jiu San Society 3 h- A0 P" w+ i8 e5 _2 X @
中国各级党政机关干部名称译名
$ B# Y( k! b# i7 w s中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee 2 }, b; k$ M, A
政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee
, @4 V) W8 Z( J, O7 t政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee
' C% @; r1 o: v j书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee
$ u; x) u! [+ O6 l% s& ]0 A( F中央委员 Member, Central Committee
8 F4 s; k# t: B候补委员 Alternate Member
& t5 ]6 }" U g! D…省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC
" Z8 m, C4 {; n( W% c中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China
+ _, W$ n0 f& i/ v- Z( f# C全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress
% L* r# e6 b, n3 |: b5 ~ V秘书长 Secretary-General 5 I7 n6 e( ^5 `* Z5 ^% I
主任委员 Chairman
4 X$ e/ `4 B! T0 _' C: p委员 Member & S. N- T' h! f1 F; ^7 a3 j
(地方人大)主任 Chairman, Local People’s Congress ) R5 j" K: ]- Y
人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congress ) l1 Y9 }" C9 w& k9 J' t
国务院总理 Premier, State Council
4 e- R: O% S* A$ {1 G6 D: e国务委员 State Councilor
$ F" J$ {7 I8 j! _( V3 T秘书长 Secretary-General : E+ B5 L% G/ x, S# c# [: m+ c
(国务院各委员会)主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for
e& h W9 P0 C% s) V(国务院各部)部长 Minister $ p5 e6 V# j( [
部长助理 Assistant Minister 2 ~3 M" W2 a, Y2 x6 A$ m
司长 Director
$ i+ J8 s1 t/ E# _局长 Director , o1 n! W7 P+ V
省长 Governor
& u- E6 C2 h& p* R, [: |常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor - @& d H8 R# E% I9 w
自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government |
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