Wild China - S01E02

南宋无间道

0’ - 10‘
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: m  Q/ Y) Y9 j6 N9 VBeneath billowing clouds in China’s far southwest Yunnan Province lies a place of mystery and legend. Off the mighty rivers are some of the oldest jungles in the world. Here hidden valleys nurtures strange and unique creatures and colorful tribe cultures. Jungles rarely found this far north of the tropics, so why did they thrive here? And how has the rocky landscape harbor the greatest natural wealth in all China?
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  G( Y0 U2 k) P1 a( T* c- iIn the remote southwest corner of China a celebration is about to take place. Dai people collect water for the most important festival of the year. The Dai call themselves the people of the water. Yunnan’s water valleys have been their home for over 2000 years. By bringing the river water to the temple they honor the two things holiest to them: Buddhism and their home.
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The Dai gives thanks for the rivers and the fertile lands which have nurtured their culture. Though it’s sound they might be just an excuse for the biggest water fight all of the time. Dai’s life is changed as the towns get bigger and modernized, but the water splashing festival is still celebrated by all.
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The rivers which lie in the heart of the Dai life and culture flow from the distant mountains of Tibet, south through the central Yunnan in great parallel gorges. The Dai now live in the borders of tropic Vietnam and Laos. But their legends tell them how their ancestor came here by following the rivers from the mountain lands to the cold far north.
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( q+ b1 d" F. \Lie in the far east end of the Himalayas the Hengduan mountains form the northern border of Yunnan and Tibet. *** , crown of the Hengduan range is the sight of holy peak image yet its formidable peak remains unconquered. Yunnan’s mountains are remote, rocked and inaccessible.

Here the air is thing and the temperatures can drop to minus 40 centigrade degrees. This is home to an animal found nowhere else on Earth: the Yunnan *** nose monkey. It’s found in only these few isolated mountain forests, no other primate lives in such high altitudes. But these are true specialists. This ancient dwells have inspired legends. Local Lishu People consider them their ancestors, calling them the wild men of the mountains. During heavy snowfalls even these specialists can not feed. It seems a strange place for a monkey.
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Between snows the monkeys waste no time in their search for food. At his altitude there are few soft tender leaves to eat. 90% of their diet is made up of the fine dry ***** organism. Half fungus half plants is liken. How have monkeys normally associated ** low and jungles come to live in such remote mountainous systems?

) e0 F( T5 e- Y+ L/ [9 @# yThis is not the only remarkable animal found within these isolated peaks. A Chinese red panda, solitary in quiet spends much of its time in the tree tops. Despite of its name, the red panda is only a very distant relative of the giant panda. It’s actually more closely related to a skunk. But it does share the giant panda’s taste for bamboo. Southwest China’s red pandas are well known for their very strong facial markings which distinguish them from red pandas found anywhere else in the Himalayas.

# U: t3 ^/ y7 [2 l/ o4 ?/ SLike the monkeys they’re isolated in these high forests, when the mountains quiet literally rose beneath them in the greatest mountain building event in recent geological history. Over the last 30 million years the Indian subcontinent has been pushing north sweeps into Eurasia. On the border of India and Tibet, the rock has been raised 8 kilometers above sea level, creating the world’s highest mountains ranges – the Himalayas. But to the east the rocks are buckled into a series of a steep north-south ridges cutting down through the heart of Yunnan, the parallel mountains of Hengduan Shan. These natural barriers serve to isolate Yunnan’s plants and animals in each adjacent valley. While the huge temperature range between the snowy peaks and the warmer slopes below provides a vast *** of conditions for life to thrive. Through spring the Hengduan slopes state one of the China’s greatest natural spectacles.

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南宋无间道

10‘ - 20’
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0 u7 g, D- t* n+ a1 E, S6 j" jThe forests here are among the most diverse botanical areas of the world. Over 18 thousand plant species grow here, of which 3000 are found nowhere else. Until a little more than a century ago, this place was unknown outside China. But then news reached the west of the mysterious hidden world of the orient: hidden among the mountains, a lost Shangri-la paradise. Western high society in the grip of gardening craze was eager for exotic species from far away places. This gave rise to a new breed of celebrity adventures, entrapped **** explorers, known as the plant hunters. Yunnan became their holy grail. The most famous was Joseph Rock, the real life Indiana Jones. Remarkable film footage captured his hunter rush on the series of expeditions as they pushed into the deepest corners of Yunnan.
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! v, \6 l$ u; F* q$ `In glorious color he recorded the plant life he found on special photographic glass plates. Sending thousands of specimens back to the west, the plant hunters changed the gardens of the world for ever. Rock’s success was born on the messy method. For defining his Shangri-la not only had he to *** Anglas mountains ranges but some of the deepest gorges in the world.
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$ e) ~2 c: z+ ]$ u' UThe Nu Jiang is called the angry river. This 300-kilometer stretch of raging *** is as much a barrier to life as how the mountains ***. But the plant hunters weren't the first people to travel here. Along the Nu Jiang less than 30 rope crossings allows local’s passage across the torrents. Tiny *** cling to the slopes. This morning is market day, join people from up and down the valley. Hanging from simple rope slings, people have been using the crossing for many hundreds of years. In such narrow *** gorges, it’s by far the easiest way to get around. Once across the steep sides meaning still a hike, many track for hours by foot before they get to the market.
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% p7 a+ H* A- d! f4 }The immense valley is home to over a dozen ethnic groups, some but the Nu people are found only here. The markets bring the mountain tribes together. To continue his expeditions Rock had to get his entire *** across the giant Yunnan rivers. He commissioned specially thick ropes made from forest rattan and film the entire event. With *** butter to smooth the ride 40 men and 15 mules made the journey, not all made it across.
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On the far side of the great Nu Jiang gorge, the plant hunters made a remarkable discovery. Far from the tropics, they seemed to be entering a steamy, vibrant tropic jungle: the forests of Gaoligong Shan. The flora here is unlike anywhere else in the world, next to subtropical species alpine plants grow in giant form, crowning the canopy *** up to 30 meters high. In April and May their flowers turn the forests ruby red, attracting birds species found only here.

$ M# h2 y2 c  ?0 Y- nConstant moisture in the air means that the branches are laid with flowering ***, disregarded by tiny sun birds unique to this valley. Necked feeders these are the harming birds to the old world tropics. The forests of Gaoligong Shan are home to some of the Chinese rarest wild lives.

This is a female temmick’s tragopan, she has a colorful male admirer. He’s hoping to woo her with his *** *** display, but she’s not about to be rushed. His colorful skin wattle reflects more light that feathers do. To her this is like a knee on side. Seeing his chance the male makes his move.
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Constant moisture in the Gaoligong Shan forests means that though out the year there’re always fruits on the trees. Such abundant of fruit encourages a high diversity of fruit-eaters more commonly found in the tropics. The black giant squirrel is found only in undisturbed *** forest. At close to a meter in length it’s one of the world’s largest squirrels. The mystery is that these forests are growing well outside tropics. By rights non of these jungles or animals should be here.

南宋无间道

20‘ - 25’
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4 y9 V: R3 f1 N* n, `These are bell macaques. They are found only in tropical and subtropical jungles. With a tiny home range with just a few square kilometers, they depend on the abundant fruit that only true train forest can provide all year round. To the European plant hunters this northern rain forests must haven seen the fantastic and mysterious lost world. Yet when they came here they would haven found beautifully constructed Asian stone pathways on which the forest could be explored. Winding westwards into the hills, these were some of the most important high ways in Asia: the south-western tea-and-silk road. Built thousands of years ago the south-western tea-and-silk road gave access to the world beyond China’s borders, carrying trades men and travelers from as far away as will.

Wars were fought over access to this tiny path, the only sure root in or out of China that was guaranteed to be cleared off snow all year round. So what causes Gaoligong Shan’s strange and remarkable climate? In late May gusts of wind arrive, bringing with them the key to Gaoligong Shan’s mystery. The winds are hot and saturated with water, they come all the way from the Indian Ocean. Channeled by Yunnan’s unique geography they bring with them the moisture of tropical monsoon. The giant river valleys created millions of years ago act like funnels. The gorges are so narrow that the moisture is driven right up into the north of Yunnan. The result is rain and torrents.
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. l; a6 n" x- r! ]For months of daily rain storms sustain *** vegetation. The arrival of the monsoon awakens one of the forest’s most extraordinarily moisture-loving inhabitants. The *** newt is one of the most unusual of the many amphibian species found here. When the rains arrive they emerge to mate. The newts are set to leave an odor trail that potential mates can follow. The *** newt gets its name from the *** along its back.

janny2008

10'-20‘
Through spring, the Hengduan slope stays one of China's natural spectacles. The forests here are among the most diverse botanical areas in the world. Over 18,000 plant species grow here, of which 3,000 are found nowhere else. Until a little more than a century ago, this place was unkown outside of China. But then news reached the West of the mysterious hidden world of the Orient, hidden among the mountains, a lost Shangri-La paradise. Western high society in the grip of gardening craze was eager for exotic species from faraway places. This gave rise to a new breed of celebrity adventures, intrepid botanist explorers known as the plant hunters. Yunnan became the holy grail. The most famous was Joseph Rock, a real life Indiana Jones. Remarkable film footage captured his * on a series of expeditions as they pushed into the deepest corners of Yunnan. In glorious color he recorded the plant life he found on the special photographic glass plates. Sending thousands of specimens back to the West, the plant hunters changed the gardens of the world forever. Rock's success was born of a massive effort. For to find his Shangri-La not only had he to traverse endless mountain ranges but some of the deepest gorges of the world.
- n: f6 \. A8 v; g1 _' Z) K% ]' RThe Nu JIang is called the Angry River. This 300-kilometer-stretch of raging rapids is as much a barrier to life as are the mountains above. But the plant hunters were not the first people to travel here. Along the Nu Jiang, less than 30 rope crossings allow locals passage across the torrents. Tiny hamlets cling to the slopes. This morning is market day, drawing people from up and down the valley. Hanging from single *, people have been using the crossings for many hundred of years. In such narrow * gorges, it's by far the easiest way to get around. Once across, the steep sides mean that there is still a hike. Many trek for hours by foot before they get to the market. The immense valley is home to over a dozen ethnic groups. some, like the Nu people, are found only here. The markets bring the mountain tribes together. To continue his expeditions, Rock had to get his * across the giant Yunnan rivers. He commissioned the specially thick ropes made from forest * and filmed the entire event. With * butter to smooth the ride, 40 men and 50 mules made the journey. Not all made it across.
) a7 |7 L0 `' X! }) dOn the far side of the great Nu Jiang gorge, the plant hunters made a remarkable discovery. Far from the tropics, they seemed to be entering a steamy, vibrant tropical jungle, the forest of Gaoligongshan. The flora here is unlike anywhere else in the world. Next to subtropical species, alpine plants grow in giant form, * the canopy ** up to 30 meters high. In April and May their flowers turn into forests ruby red, attracting bird species found only here. Constant moisture in the air means that the branches are laid with flowing epifies, fiercely guarded by tiny sunbirds unique to these valleys. Nectar feeders, these are the humming birds of the old world tropics. The forests of Gaoligongshan are home to some of China's rarest wildlife.
This is a female **, she has a colorful male admirer. He is hoping to woo her with his peculiar peekaboo display, but she is not about to be rushed. His colorful skin * reflects more light than feathers do. To her this is like ** sign. Seeing his chance, the male makes his move. Constant moisture in the Gaoligongshan forest means that throughout the year there are always fruits on the trees. such abundance of fruits encourage a high diversity of fruit eaters more commonly found in the tropics. The black giant squirrel in undisturbed rain forest, up close to a meter in length, is one of the world's largest squirrels. The mystery is that these forests are growing well outside the tropics. By rights, none of this jungle or its animals should be here.

南宋无间道

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+ m( n+ J( g3 W4 ~8 u' d9 R  s  H等普特的整理稿出来了
" Y5 ]: T, |3 K我一起搬过来
就可以对对答案了 $x8$

南宋无间道

25‘ - 30’
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1 y5 Q2 }+ C; `  M: uThese are its defense. If grabbed by potential predator the tips of its rips squeeze a deadly poison from the bumps.
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  i# m4 k1 w: V1 `, L) p$ d/ @The deluge wakes another forest inhabitant. This one is particularly astounding in its figure. It can grow up to a meter per day, fast overtaking the other plants surround it. The taller it grows the faster its growth rate. So that in *** of days it towers far beyond the growth and continues reaching for the sky. Not bad for what is essentially a grass. It’s bamboo. Given the chance bamboo will create immense forests, dominating entire areas. Bamboo forests occur across southwest of China all the way to Shanghai. But probably the highest diversity of bamboos in the world is found in the hills and valleys of Yunnan.

8 M3 p# K( c. g4 G) H/ [: K  KThough incredibly strong bamboos have hollow stems, a perfect shelter for any creatures that can find a way in. This entrance is made by a beetle, but it’s being used by a very different animal. A bamboo bat, the size of a bumblebee, is one of the tiniest mammals in the world. The entire colony of 25 bats fits to a single section of bamboo stem – smaller than a tea cup, it’s quite a squeeze. Half the colony are babies, though barely a week old they’re almost as big as their mums. Feeding such a fast growing brood is a hard work, the mums leave to hunt just after dark each night. Back in the roost the young are left on their own. Special pads on their wings help them to grip on the bamboo walls most of the time. The young bats use the extra space to prepare for a *** from the wing by preening and stretching. Packed in like sardines they will make an easy target for a snake. But the snake has no chance to get in, the entrance’s thinner that the width of a pencil.

南宋无间道

30‘ - 35’

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6 V; g9 L( r( ]5 AWhen the mothers return they can push through the narrow entrance, only because of their unusually flattened ***. But it’s still a squeeze.

- K, Z7 E  c; C. g7 kBamboos are exploited in a very different way by another forest dweller. Fresh bamboo shoots are very important forest crop. Ailaoxiang is of the Hani tribe from the mountain village of Mengsong. Roasted the tender shoots he gathers will make a tasted dish. The Hani have many uses for the different bamboos they grow and find in the forest around. Though flexible enough to be woven bamboo has a high tensile strength than steal. *** when young, in maturity it’s tough and durable, ideal for making a table, and strong enough for a pipe to last a life time. The people of the southwest of China have found an extraordinary number of ways to exploit these most *** plants.

* C+ R) b2 ]1 @* E# x: l) `Part of bamboo’s phenomenal success is that it’s so tough that few animals can tack it. *** bamboo does come ****. A bamboo rat, feeding almost exclusively on bamboo, they live their entire lives in tunnels beneath the forest. The *** species of bamboo are easy to be attacked in pool below. She has a fantastic sense of smell and can *** out the fresh growth through the soil. Bamboo spreads along underground stems. By following these new shoots are found. When a shoot is detected, she snips it free and drags it down to ***. This female has a family. Just a few weeks old the youngsters can already tackle the hardest bamboo stems and are eager to try it. Bamboo’s tough reputation is such that another bamboo specialist is known by the Chinese as the iron eating animal.

南宋无间道

35‘ - 40’
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The giant panda is famous for its exclusive diet. Giant pandas are thought to have originated in the southwest of China millions of years ago. But they are no longer found in Yunnan. Recently their specialize diet has had *** consequences. Bamboo has a bizarre life cycle, flowering infrequently, some times only once hundreds of years or so. But when flowering does occur it *** massive scale and it’s followed by the death of all of the plants. Some times an entire bamboo forest may die.
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& ]2 p9 a7 u; V$ rIn undisturbed habitat pandas simply move to another area where a different bamboo species grows. But as human activity has fragmented their forest home, pandas find it increasingly hard to find large areas in which to survive. Wild pandas are now found only in the forests of central China, far to the east. But in the hidden pocket slow and jungle in Yunnan’s tropical south they’ve one of China’s best kept wild life secrets.

) n( i- L4 M* `5 EThe wild Asian elephant. Elephants once *** across China as far north as Beijing. But it’s only in the hidden valleys of Yunnan that they have survived. Elephants are the architects of the forest, bamboos and grasses are their favorite food, but saplings, tree leaves and twisted *** are all take with little care. When they move through forest the elephants open up clearings, bring light to the forest floor. This has a major impact on their home.
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The richest forests are now known to be those which from time to time experience change. The Jino people are incredibly knowledgable about their forests and claim to have uses for most of the plants that they find there. They have names for them all, those good for eating and some which even have strong medicinal qualities. By working here the Jino play a similar role to the elephants, opening up the forest, bringing in space, light and diversity. Green, fast growing species are encouraged, insects are in higher abundant here, together with the animals that are fed on them. Knowledge of the forest enables the Jino to find not just plants, but other tasted forest food too. Forest crabs are common here, feeding on the abundant leave ***. This will be a tasted addition to the evening even.

janny2008

These are bear macaques. They're only found in tropical and subtropical jungles. With a tiny home range of just a few square kilometers, they depend on the abundant fruit that only true rain forest can provide all year around. To the European plant hunters, these northern rain forests must have seen the fantastic and mysterious lost world. Yet when they came here, they would have found beautifully constructed ancient stone pathways on which the forests could be explored. Winding westwards into the hills, these were once some of the important highways in Asia- the southwestern tea and silk road. Built thousand of years ago, the southwestern tea and silk road gave access to the world beyond China's borders, carrying tradesmen and travellers from as faraway as Rome. Wars were fought over access to this tiny path. The only sure route in or out of China that was guaranteed to be clear of snow all year around. So what causes Gaoligongshan's strang and remarkable climate? In late May, gusts of wind arrive, bringing with them the key to Gaoligongshan's mystery. The winds are hot and saturated with water. They come all the way from the Indian Ocean. Channelled by Yunnan's unique geography, they bring with them the moisture of tropical monsoon. The giant river valleys created millions of years ago act like immense funnels. The gorges are so deep and narrow that the moist warm air is driven right up into the north of Yunnan. The result is rain in torrents. Four months' daily rain storms sustain *** vegetation. The arrival of the monsoon awakens one of the forest's most extraordinary inhabitants. The crocodile newt is one of the most unusual of the many *** species found here. As the rains arrive, they emerge too late.The newts are said to leave an odour on trail that potential mates can follow. The crocodile newt gets its name from the bumps along its back. These are its defense. If grapped by potential predator, the tips of the ribs squeeze a deadly poison from the bumps. The *** wakes another forest inhabitant. This one is particularly astounding in its vigor. It can grow up to a meter a day, fast overtaking the other plants around it. The taller it grows, the faster its growth rate. So that in a matter of a day, it towers above other undergrowth and continues reaching for the sky. Not bad for what is essentially a grass. It's bamboo. Given the chance, bamboo will create immense forests, dominating entire areas. Bamboo forests occur across Southwest China all the way to Shanghai. But probably the highest diversity of bamboos in the world is found in the hills and valleys of Yunnan. Though incredibly strong, bamboos have hollow stems, a perfect shelter for any creature which can find a way in. This entrance hole was made by a beatle, but is being used by a very different animal, a bamboo bat, the size of a bamboobee. It's one of the tiniest mammals in the world. The entire colony up to 25 bats fits into a single section of bamboo stem, smaller than a tea cup. It's quite a squeeze. Half of the colony are babies. Though barely a week old, they are already as big as their moms. Feeding such a fast-growing brood is hard work. The moms leave to hunt just after dusk each night. Back in the roost, the young are left on their own. Special pads on their wings help them to grip on the bamboo walls most of the time. The young bats use the extra space to prepare for a life on the wing by *** and stretching. Packed in like sardines, they will make an easy target for a snake. But the snake has no chance of getting in.